A - 2 6 5 A T AREAL NO MORE PRODUCED Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 2.5"/SUPERSLIMLINE Cylinders | 856| | Capacity form/unform 262/ MB Heads 4| 10| | Seek time / track 13.0/ 3.0 ms Sector/track | 60| | Controller IDE / AT Precompensation Cache/Buffer 32 KB LOOK-AHEAD Landing Zone Data transfer rate 2.500 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 4.000 MB/S ext Recording method RLL 1/7 operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage 5 V Temperature *C 5 55 | -40 60 Power: sleep W Humidity % 8 80 | 8 80 standby 0.1 W Altitude km -0.061 3.048| -0.061 12.192 idle 1.0 W Shock g 50 | 100 seek 2.4 W Rotation RPM 3600 read/write 2.0 W Acoustic dBA 35 spin-up 4.4 W ECC Bit 88,REED SOLOMON MTBF h 150000 Warranty Month 24 Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates CSA,TUV,UL1950,VDE ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** AREAL A265 TECHNICAL MANUAL P/N 12985 REV. 1, 6/15/1994 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | | | |XX44 | |XX | PCBA SIDE |XX I | |XX N | |XX T | |XX E | |X* R | |XX F | |XX A | |XX C | |XX E | |XX | |XX | | 2 | |XXJP1 | |XXB +---------------------------------------------------------+ ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** AREAL A265 TECHNICAL MANUAL P/N12985 REV. 1, 6/15/94 Jumper Setting ============== x = Factory default configuration JP1 Master/Slave Configuration ------------------------------- 43-------------------------------------------------+ |o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 1 k C A | |o o o o o o o o o o o o k o o o o o o o o 2 k D B | +--------------------------------------------------+ Interface Pins C and D OPEN Master x CLOSED Slave k = removed pins ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** AREAL A265 TECHNICAL MANUAL P/N 12985 REV. 1, 6/15/94 Notes on Installation ===================== Recommended Mounting Configuration ---------------------------------- horizontally vertically +-----------------+ +--+ +--+ | | | +-----+ +-----+ | | | | | | | | | +-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | | +---------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ | +-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+ | | | | +-----------------+ This drive is designed to be used in applications where the unit may experience extreme levels of both shock and vibration. There are no limits on mounting orientation and mounting clearance is not required. Maximum insertion length of the 3 mm x .5 screws is 0.118" (3.00 mm). Cabling ------- All 2.5 inch AT/IDE interface drives use a 44 pin male connector that incorporates power, control, and data signals. This configuration differs from the 3.5 inch IDE drives which employ a 40 pin signal connector and separate 4 pin power connector. Therefore, if you are replacing an existing 3.5 inch disk drive and are faced with a 40 pin connector, you will need an adapter card (part #10421). If your computer was designed for 2.5" hard drives, there will be a 44 pin connection on the motherboard. Since power and ground are present at the interface connector, damage could be induced by offset or upside down connection. Please ensure that pin 20 of your system's female connector is properly keyed. Adapter Board ------------- GND +5VDC +----+-++ |O O O O| ++ +-----+-+ |+- Pin 44 | ++ |+----------------+ +------++ Pin 40 |+-------------------++-----++ |+--------------------++----++ |+---------------------++---++ |+----------------------+ || || || |+-----------------------+ ++Pin 1 +--++ Pin 1 ++ Physical Connection - AT Interface ---------------------------------- Both power and control signals are supplied to the drive through a single 44 pin cable. Please note that separate power is supplied to the logic and motor circuits to minimize noise coupling. Maximum length of this 44 pin cable is 18 inches (457 mm) since it is TTL driven. Two drives may be daisy chained on this cable, however, the cable remains restricted to 18 inches. Recommended mating connectors are as follows: +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ |Connector Style | 3M |Dupont | Elco | +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ |Flex Cable |N/A |86456-044|N/A | +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ |Ribbon Cable |N/A |N/A |20-8394-2044-04-101| +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ |PCBA Straight |N/A |86455-044|20-8390-2044-00-101| +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ |PCBA Rigth Angle | | | | |Areal Org. Height |150250-5122TH|N/A |N/A | |MCC Spec Height |150250-5222TH|88333-044|20-8390-2044-04-101| +-------------------+-------------+---------+-------------------+ Electrical Description - AT Interface ------------------------------------- All signal levels are TTL compatible. A logic "1" is from 2.0 volts to 5.0 volts. A logic "0" is from 0.0 volts to 0.7 volts. The interface between the drive adapter and the drive is termed the "Host Interface". The set of registers in the I/O space of the Host is known as the "Task File". All signals on the Host Interface have the prefix Host. All negativ- ely active signals are prefixed with a "-" designation. All positiv- ely signals are prefixed with a "+" designation. Signals whose source is the Host are "outbound" and those whose source is the drive are "inbound". +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | Pin | Signal | Pin | Signal | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 01 | -Host Reset | 02 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 03 | +Host Data 7 | 04 | +Host Data 8 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 05 | +Host Data 6 | 06 | +Host Data 9 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 07 | +Host Data 5 | 08 | +Host Data 10 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 09 | +Host Data 4 | 10 | +Host Data 11 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 11 | +Host Data 3 | 12 | +Host Data 12 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 13 | +Host Data 2 | 14 | +Host Data 13 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 15 | +Host Data 1 | 16 | +Host Data 14 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 17 | +Host Data 0 | 18 | +Host Data 15 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 19 | Gnd | 20 | Key | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 21 | Not Connected | 22 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 23 | -Host IOW | 24 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 25 | -Host IOR | 26 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 27 | -IOCHRDY | 28 | Not Connected | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 29 | Not Used | 30 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 31 | +Host IRQ | 32 | -Host IO16 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 33 | +Host Address 1 | 34 | -Host PDIAG | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 35 | +Host Address 0 | 36 | +Host Address 2| +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 37 | -Host CS0 | 38 | -Host CS1 | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 39 | -Host Active/Slave| 40 | Gnd | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 41 | +5 Volt Logic | 42 | +5 Volt Motor | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | 43 | Gnd | 44 | +AT Interface | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | E | NO PIN | F | NO PIN | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ | C | Master/Slave | D | Master/Slave | | A | Test Only | B | Test Only | +------+-------------------+------+----------------+ Air Filtration System --------------------- Recirculated air is forced through an electrostatic filter, providing a clean environment for the recording heads and disks. ********************************************************************** F E A T U R E S ********************************************************************** AREAL A265 TECHNICAL MANUAL P/N 12985 REV. 1, 6/15/94 Introduction ------------ Areal Model A265 is a 2.5 inch, high capacity, rugged, high performance, low power, low profile disk drive. By design, it is ideal for notebook, laptop, or portable applications. The A265 incorporate the IBM PC-AT Task File control logic and requires only chip select decode logic to allow bus connection. This logic is typically embedded in your computer motherboard. Overview -------- This Technical Manual describes all physical and electrical characteristics necessary to utilize the A265 in AT mode. Key Features: - Automatic Microprocessor Controlled Diagnostics - Automatic Read Look Ahead - Buffer Size of 32 KB, 64 KB or 128 KB - Embedded Servo System with DSP Control - Extremely Low Power Requirement - Internal Air Filtration System - Lightweight at Less than 5 Ounces - Programmable Low Power Modes - Reed Solomon Error Correction on the Fly - Constant Density Recording Method - 100 G Non-Operating Shock Tolerance Functional Description ---------------------- The A265 contains all necessary mechanical and electronic parts to interpret control signals, position the heads, read and write data, and provide a contaminant free environment for the heads and disks. Drive Mechanism --------------- A brushless DC motor rotates the spindle at 3600 RPM. Back EMF of the motor is used to quickly stop the spindle when power is removed. Head Positioner Mechanism ------------------------- The read/write heads are positioned by a rotary voice coil actuator which employs DSP control to ensure seek accuracy. Setup Table Alteration ---------------------- Whenever a peripheral device is changed or added, your computer's CMOS table may require modification. This table is typically accessed at power on by pressing the "Del" key, or by running the "Setup" program. Once inside this setup program, you will be prompted for various parameters, but only need to specify the number of heads, sectors, and cylinders. Other variables such as write current, landing zone, etc., are determined by Areal engineering during the design phase and are hard coded into the drive. The A265 is most efficient when specified as a 10 head, 60 sector, 856 cylinder device. These exact parameters may not be available as an existing drive type. If this is the case, please locate the user definable BIOS entry (typically 47,48 or 49) and enter the parameter listed above. From these parameters, you can calculate total capacity of the A265 for example as 856 x 10 x 60 x 512 = 262,963,200 bytes, however, even on a freshly formatted disk this total capacity cannot be used by the user, since some data space is used by the operating system for directory space, etc. Most programs report capacity in this '262 million byte' format, however, some programs such as FDISK still use the old standard of 'megabytes'. In the megabyte measurement, total byte capacity is devided by 1.024 x 1.024, reducing the reported capacity to 250.781 megabytes. Formatting ---------- Once the drive has been partitioned, DOS requires that it be format- ted. Formatting checks for defective sectors (and deallocates them if necessary) and builds the FAT (file allocation table). Make sure to use the "/s" option so that your hard drive will be bootable. Example: type "FORMAT C:/S". Format will only recognize hard drives that have valid DOS partitions, therefore FDISK must precede formatting. If an "Invalid Drive Specification" error is reported, the drive has not successfully been partitioned. Please run FDISK once more. To format the drive with other operating systems, see the manuals that came with the system. Seek Time --------- +----------------------------------+--------+ | | A265 | +----------------------------------+--------+ |Track-to-Track msec. typ. | 3 | +----------------------------------+--------+ |Average msec. typ. | 13.0 | | msec. max. | 25 | +----------------------------------+--------+ |Latency msec. avg. | 8.33 | +----------------------------------+--------+ Read Look Ahead --------------- Read look ahead will improve the read performance of the drive when sequential data is requested. When a Read command is issued to the drive the requested data is put into the read look ahead buffer. The drive will then continue to look ahead and read the remaining sectors until the buffer is full. This process will be interrupted if the drive receives another command. Write Cache ----------- Write cache will improve system performance under normal operations involving writes to the drive. The write data is put into the high speed memory buffer before being written to the actual disk, thus freeing the host system to perform other tasks. Read/Write and Control Electronics ---------------------------------- Internally, a single preamp IC is mounted in close proximity to the heads to control head selection, read preamplification, and the write data circuitry. The microprocessor controlled circuit board provides the remaining electronic functions which include: - Spindle Motor Control - Power Management - Rotary Actuator Control - Interface Control - Read/Write Circuitry - Spin Speed Control The microprocessor performs an extensive battery of tests when power is applied and will not come READY is an error is detected. Read/Write Heads and Disks -------------------------- Data is recorded on 65 mm diameter glass disk(s) using thin film heads. Error Correction ---------------- The A265 employs an 88 bit Reed Solomon polynominal for Data Field error detection and correction, plus a 16 bit CRC code for ID Field error detection. Single 11 bit burst can be corrected on the fly. Execute Drive Diagnostic Command -90 ------------------------------------ This command directs the drive(s) to perform internal diagnostic tests. The DRV bit is ignored. In a single drive system, drive 0 performs the following sequence: 1. complete its diagnostics and post the results 2. clear BSY and generate an interrupt In a dual drive system, drive 0 performs the following sequence: 1. complete its diagnostics 2. wait for the slave to report its diagnostic results (up to 5 seconds) 3. if both master and slave pass (assert PDIAG), the master sets bit 7 of the Error register to zero. 4. if the master fails, it sets the Error register as below: 5. if the slave fails, the master will "OR" 80h with the slaves status and set the Error register as follows: +-------------+---------------------------+ |ERROR CODE | DESCRIPTION | +-------------+---------------------------+ | 01 | no error detected | | 03 | sector buffer error | | 04 | ECC circuitry error | | 05 | control processor error | | 8x | slave drive failed | +-------------+---------------------------+ Error Reporting --------------- When the drive receives a command from the Host, it checks for validity of the command, and with the exception of the Initialize Drive Parameters command, also checks register values for valid range. If the values are invalid, the drive does not execute the command, but instead posts the "ERR" bit in the Status register and the "ABRT" bit in the Error register. If a data error occurs during command execution, the command is terminated immediately. Valid errors are listed in the following table: -----------------+---------------------+---------------------+ COMMAND |ERROR REGISTER |STATUS REGISTER | +---------------------+---------------------+ |BBK|UNC|IDNF|ABRT|TK0|DRDY|DSC|DWF|CORR|ERR| -----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+ Exec. Drive Diag.| | | | V | | | | | | V | Format Track | | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Identify Drive | | | | V | | V | V | V | | V | Initi. Parameters| | | | V | | | | | | V | Power Commands | | | | V | | | | | | V | Recalibrate | | | | V | V | V | V | V | | V | Read/Write Buffer| | | | V | | | | | | V | Read Long | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Read Multiple | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V | Read Sectors | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V | Read Verify Sec. | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V | Seek | | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Set Multiple | | | | V | | V | V | V | | V | Write Long | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Write Multiple | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Write Sectors | V | | V | V | | V | V | V | | V | Write Verify | V | V | V | V | | V | V | V | V | V | -----------------+---+---+----+----+---+----+---+---+----+---+ Key: V = Valid errors for each command ABRT = Command aborted BBK = Bad block detected CORR = Data error corrected by ECC DRDY = Drive not ready DSC = Disk seek complete not detected DWF = Drive write fault detected ERR = Error detected IDNF = ID mark not found TK0 = Track zero not found error UNC = Uncorrectable data error